TLE 50
Graphics Science and Arts

Graphic art is to the art of printmaking and drawing. In contemporary usage it refers to the applied trade-skills of a pressman, pre-press technician, or typesetter. The term can include the trades of lithography, serigraphy and bindery, among others. Graphic arts as a trade can be traced back to the first instances of the stamped image or word. bookbinding ,soft bound, hard bound, printing shirts , oslo making is involved in this subject. This subject is really hard for me, but still I do my best to cope all projects for me to pass this subject. Unfortunately I passed it, thank you Lord.



My best project in this subject is the bookbinding. Bookbinding is the process of physically assembling a book from a number of folded or unfolded sheets of paper or other material. It usually involves attaching covers to the resulting text-block. Here is a procedure in bookbinding a book:

Step 1Stack your paper neatly in (at least 4) piles of 8 sheets

You are going to be binding your paper in 8 sheet folios. Of course you could do more or less. I have found 8 sheets to be a good number. because you are folding it in half each sheet is going to make 4 pages of your book, so this 8 sheet stack is going to make 32 pages. Your book should have at least 4 or these 8 sheet folios which will therefore make 128 pages.







step 2Fold each stack in half
As neatly as possible and keeping the paper as lined up as possible, fold each pile of 8 sheets in half cross wise.

step 3Unfold the paper and turn over
Making sure you keep the paper nice and straight, unfold each stack of 8 sheets and turn over.

step 4Staple the pages together

Open out your stapler Place the upturned paper stack on top of an eraser (positioned where you want to staple) (which will be about 2 inches from the edge of the page exactly on the crease) and slowly but firmly push down on the stap…

step 5Glue the binding onto the folios

You are now going to make the heart of the book. You have made at least 4 of the 8 sheet / 32 page folios and they need to be stuck together. Firstly , cut a piece of thin fabric to the same length as the page height and about 5 times the thickness of all the folios held together. Hold the folios tightly together and all lined up. Either get a friend to help or clip …

step 6Trim the bound folios

As Fugazzi has pointed out, you may be able to get your bound pages trimmed by a proper guillotine at your local one stop print or copy shop. Failing that read on... If you want (and you don't have to) you can trim the folios a tiny bit. Beware that the first time you do this you might end up making more of a mess of the edge of the paper than if you just left it. It …

step 7Mark and cut out the cover boards

place the bound folios on a piece of stiff card so that the bound edge lines up with one straight edge and then draw round the paper allowing about a quarter of an inch / 5mm border on the three other edges. Cut the card out and then cut a duplicate. Corrugated card is fine as the cover, as is thin foam core (foamboard), but the best kind of card is the stiff card t…

step 8Make the book spine

Loosely assemble the bound paper and the covers. Pressing them together, measure their combined thickness and mark off on a piece of scrap card. Cut the spine so that it is the thickness of the covers and the paper together and the same length as the height of the book covers.

step 9Mark and cut the material

Position the book covers and the spine on the reverse of your chosen fabric or leather and mark out so that there is a border of about 1 inch / 25mm all round. Cut out the material. As already mentioned, you can use any material you want really, although very thick material will be difficult to fold and glue (although, who knows how patient you are?). Actually, I us…

step 10 Glue the cover board and spine in place

Using White glue or rubber solution glue, smear an even coating over the boards and place face down on the wrong side of the material (i.e. the side of the material that you don't normally see, which has the pattern the wrong way round etc etc). Make sure you stick them neatly in a row so that they are aligned with each other and straight and that there is a gap of ab…

TLE 21
Fishery Arts

Fishery is an entity engaged in raising and/or harvesting fish, which is determined by some authority to be a fishery.According to the FAO, a fishery is typically defined in terms of the "people involved, species or type of fish, area of water or seabed, method of fishing, class of boats, purpose of the activities or a combination of the foregoing features".The definition often includes a combination of fish and fishers in a region, the latter fishing for similar species with similar gear types.A fishery may involve the capture of wild fish or raising fish through fish farming or aquaculture.Directly or indirectly, the livelihood of over 500 million people in developing countries depends on fisheries and aquaculture.


In this subject, I learned how to eradicate the different microorganism present in the fishpond. Also I can identify now what are the different kinds and names of fish and their scientific name. Also Mr. labadan teach us what are the ways of harvesting of fish. This are the following:
*frying -pulling the pole or stake underwater
*floating rafts- constructed to fit in between bows of stake or bamboo.
*cutting or underlying- done by separating them off the rope.

TLE 60
Basic Carpentry and Plumbing


Carpentry is the art and craft of making and constructing objects out of wood. Carpentry involves on how to construct a house, building or even roads. In this subject, Mr. Arong teach us on how to have a good and perfect construction of house from roof to floor. Also Mr. Arong share us what are the methods and procedure in lay outing a house or a building. He told us that before the construction begins see to it that a permit is secured first from the local authorities. Relocate the boundaries of the construction site. Determine the limit of the boundary of the area. Clear the site of an existing structures , trees and other elements that will destruct the construction work. Construct and allocate a space for laborers quarters construction office bodega for the materials , a working tools and temporary waste disposal. apply for a temporary corrections of electric and water supply. Construct fences around the construct materials that sufficient for the working force to accomplish a week. Also verify the measurement in the plan if the distances indicated are from:
* center to center
* center to outer
* outer to outer
* inside to inside
Also you need fix the batter board to its horizontal position with the aid of a level instrument probably plastic hose with water. Then transfer the intersecting points of the string on the ground by the aid of the plumb bob. After sir Arong shared us the methods and procedure in lay outing then he proceed to teach us what are the different truss of a house, different kinds of roof and also the flooring system.
Flooring system is the platform structure roof is the top covering of a building that serves as a protective covering from weather. Then the trust is a built-up frame . It is a design of a series of triangles used to distribute the load, stiffen the structure and flexibility for the interior spacing as well as the strength and rigidity. The following are the different kinds of truss and roofs.
Different kinds of truss;


*standard howe truss, fun truss, kingpost truss, quennpost truss, double fink truss and the fink truss

Different types of roofs:
* shed or lean to roof, gable of pitch roof, saw tooth roof, double gable roof, hip roof , hip and vallery roof, pyramid roof, gamble roof, oger roof, mansard roof , french or concave mansard roof, dome.

TLE30
Architectural Drafting

An architectural drafting or architect's drawing is a technical drawing of a building (or building project) that falls within the definition of architecture. Architectural drawings are used by architects and others for a number of purposes: to develop a design idea into a coherent proposal, to communicate ideas and concepts, to convince clients of the merits of a design, to enable a building contractor to construct it, as a record of the completed work, and to make a record of a building that already exists.

Architectural drawings are drawn according to a set of conventions, which include particular views (floor plan, section etc.), sheet sizes, units of measurement and scales, annotation and cross referencing. Conventionally, drawings were made in ink on paper or a similar material, and any copies required had to be laboriously made by hand. The twentieth century saw a shift to drawing on tracing paper, so that mechanical copies could be run off efficiently.

An isometric drawing is one of the example of architects drawing. Isometric uses a plan grid at 30 degrees from the horizontal in both directions, which distorts the plan shape. Isometric graph paper can be used to construct this kind of drawing. This view is useful to explain construction details (e.g. three dimensional joints in joinery). The isometric was the standard view until the mid twentieth century, remaining popular until the 1970s.



Isometric drawings are designed to show a three dimensional view of an object. The width and depth are both drawn at 30 degree angles.

The following guide will present to you the ways to create an isometric drawing.
You can use a picture of a Three-View drawing to get the dimensions. Using those dimensions you can make a isometric drawing.
Start with the front view and draw the construction lines that you would see from the front view. Make sure you draw these lines back at a 30 degree angle to the left. These would be light lines that overlap that give you an idea of what the drawing would look like. This is not the actual drawing of the object.

Then draw all the depth lines at a 30 degree angle back to the right. Connect all the lines that would be on the top view that you can now see in the isometric.

Now, once you have all the construction lines done, go over and darken the lines that should be the visible lines, the outline of the object. You have to think in 3D to do this. There are not going to be any hidden lines on an isometric drawing.

TLE 90
Basic Electronics

Electronics is the study and use of electrical devices that operate at relatively low voltages by controlling the flow of electrons or other electrically-charged particles in devices such as thermionic valves and semiconductors. The pure study of such devices is considered as a branch of physics, while the design and construction of electronic circuits to solve practical problems is part of the fields of electrical engineering, electronic engineering and computer engineering.

For me, this subject is very difficult. But even though it is a very difficult I still passed it because I did all my best and I know our almighty God will help me to learn something from this subject and help me to passed it. This subject is more on projects, just like in making fullwave DC power supply.




This is a simulation of a simple DC power supply based on a full-wave rectifier.

Use the left slider to adjust the AC line voltage and the right slider to adjust the DC current drawn from the power supply. You can also change the filter capacitance and the transformer turns ratio. Just click on the value with the mouse pointer and edit like any text field.

The transformer steps the line voltage up or down by the "turns ratio", which can be changed. One of the rectifier diodes conducts during the positive half-cycle and the other diode conducts during the negative half-cycle, allowing the filter capacitor to charge during both half-cycles. The load current slightly discharges the filter capacitor between adjacent cycles. The resulting voltage fluctuation (ripple) is one-half what it is with a half-wave rectifier.

TLE 70
Metalworks and Welding

Metalworking is the process of working with metals to create individual parts, assemblies, or large scale structures. The term covers a wide range of work from large ships and bridges to precise engine parts and delicate jewellery. It therefore includes a correspondingly wide range of skills, processes, and tools.

Metalworking is a science, art, hobby, industry and trade. Its historical roots span cultures, civilizations, and millennia. Metalworking has evolved from the discovery of smelting various ores, producing malleable and ductile metal useful for tools and adornments. Modern metalworking processes, though diverse and specialized, can be categorized as forming, cutting or joining processes. Today's machine shop includes a number of machine tools capable of creating a precise, useful workpiece.

Unfortunately, I learn a lot from this subject. Because of Mr. Namoc, I learned how to make a dust pan, I know how used the different kinds of metals and welding tools.
This subject is really a nice. You will enjoy, specially when you are having your laboratory. Just like when we are making our project which is the dust pan,all of us really enjoy it.Even the tools is not enough for us, we still do our best to finish it. We just share the tools and help each other. HHmmm do you want to know the procedure on how to make the dust pan? okey! I will share it to you.

Steps in making a METAL DUST PAN:

1. Prepare a plain sheet.
2. Measure the width and length according to what you like.
3. Cut the plain sheet using the appropriate scissor for cutting plain sheet.

4. Assemble the dust pan and attach holder. The holder can be metal or wood.

TLE 40
Clothing and Grooming


Clothing performs important social and cultural functions. A , for example, may identify civil authority figures, such as police and army personnel, or it may identify team, group or political affiliations. In many societies, norms about clothing reflect standards of modesty, religion, gender, and social status. Clothing may also function as a form of adornment and an expression of personal taste or style.
In this subject learn a lot of things. I learn how to sew different kinds of skirt and many more.Last semester, Mrs.Gabule teach us on how to make a skirt. The following are the materials and procedure on how make a skirt.
Skirt Pattern :
Waist-taken around the smallest waist line .
Hips- taken around the fullest part of the hips.
Skirt length – taken from the waist line down to the desired length of skirt.
Apex distance

Make construction line
AB – skirt line
GI – 4 ½ ”
AC – 7”
AG - ½ ”apex distance minus ½ ”
CE - ¼ hips
GH – 1 ¼ ” - 1 ½ (dart)
BJ- ¼ hips
AP - ¼ waist (excluding GH)
FD - ½ ”
AG + HF - ¼ waist
Materials;
1 1/2 meter cloth (printed pink)
1 spool thread (pink and white)
1 zipper (white)
Procedure:

1. Edge stitch the raw edges.
2. Sew the side pleat.
3. Sew the darts.
4. Sew the (CB) centerr back seam.
5. Attach the zipper.
6. Join the side seams.
7. Prepare and attach the wristband.
8. Sew the hemline.
9. Attach hook and eye.
10. Remove hanging threads.


My finish product: